Shells mayseem more different, however, each shell which is picked up in the beach is formed of the similarmaterial, that is, calcium carbonate “CaCO3â€, also called the mineral calcite. It is the similar mineral which stalactites and stalagmites which are present in caves are formed of, despite the process of the formationis more varied. Shells may also be formed of the mineral aragonite, having the similar chemical components as calcium carbonate “CaCO3†but the atoms inside the mineral are packed along in a distinct pattern, thereby providing the mineral a distinct structure.
Formation of shells from calcium carbonate:
Biomineralization is the process of shell formation, here “bio†refers to biological “as it is an animal forming it†and mineralizationas it is the mineral calcite or aragonite, which is then created. The mantle is a region on the body of a classic shellfish or snail, which is usually the part of the animal that can project out of the shell, and this part expels a fluid known as the extra-pallial fluid. The components for making the shell are contained in this fluid, which is calcium “Ca2+†carbon “C†and oxygen “Oâ€. generally, carbon and oxygen are present along in the form of carbonate “CO32-â€. Therefore, the animal in the beginning forms down a conchiolin layer, which is formed from chitin and protein. Chitin is a durable, natural polymer, which is present in the mushroom cell walls, and the shells of the crustaceans. The animal forms a new layer of calcium carbonate shell, after taking apart the needed components from the extra-pallial fluid, which is either calcite or aragonite.
Molluscan shells:
The exoskeletons or simply the shells of snails and clams are differed from the endoskeletons or shells of turtles in various ways. These shells are made up of three different layers and are mostly formed of calcium carbonate having a minimum amount of protein which is not more than two percent. Molluscan shells need to get enlarged to accommodate body growth as their exoskeleton is not shed. Calcium layer on the animals is deposited due to some protenious compound that helps in the development of the calcified shells in the auatic animals.
Turtle shells:
There is difference in turtle and the molluskan shells, turtle shells are part of the endoskeleton or skeleton from inside the body of the vertebrate animal. Epidermal structures are surface scutes just like fingernails of humans, which is made up of the tough protein known as keratin. Below these surface,scutes are the dermal tissue and calcified shell, or carapace, that is originally produced by the vertebrae and ribs fusion in the process of development. Such bone consists of about thirty-three percent protein and sixty-six percent hydroxyapatite, a mineral composed mostly of calcium phosphate with only few calcium carbonate. The reason behind the fact that. Both types of shells are strong, provide protection, muscle attachment, and withstand dissolution in water.
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