Fluoride is found naturally in various regions such as water, soil, air, plants, and rocks. In human beings, it accumulates in the teeth and bones. The outer layer of the teeth, known as enamel, is destroyed by various diseases and disorders. To strengthen the enamel, dentists use fluoride. In the water fluoridation process, practiced in most countries, small amounts of fluoride are added to the public water system.
The element fluoride is essential to prevent tooth cavities. Dental health also improves by using fluoride. Mouth rinses, toothpaste, and various supplements are rich in fluoride. Dentists suggest using a fluoride-rich mouth rinse to reduce cavities. These help widely more than the over-the-counter choices.
Fluoride is beneficial in the remineralization of tooth enamel; it protects the enamel from losing minerals, alerts the early signs of decay, helps in preventing harmful bacteria present in the mouth.
Cavities occur when the teeth become vulnerable to bacteria. It happens due to demineralization. It is a process where the acids released by the bacteria when it breaks down carbs and sugars, the acid eats the minerals present in the tooth enamel.
Besides dental health, fluoride is mainly used to clean, kill pesticides, PET scans or medical imaging scans, and manufacture steel, aluminum, and Teflon products.
Infancy and Infant Formula
The newborn infant weighs around 3.4kg and is 50cm in length. For the first three months, they grow 170-200g per week. After 12 months, the weight gradually decreases to 60g per week. Infant formula is the preferred food for infants after mother’s milk.
Human milk is the source of food for infants in the initial stage. Breast milk, rich in antibodies, safeguards the infant from bacterial and viral diseases. However, when breast milk is contaminated or unsuitable for babies, one may opt for infant formulas.
Infant formula is available in 3 forms. They are ready-to-feed, powdered form, and concentrated liquid.
It is generally available in primary classes such as cow milk-based formula (0.23 to 3.71 micrograms F/g), soy-based formula (1.08 to 2.86 micrograms F/g.), and special formulas.
The general ingredients in infant formula are water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, linoleic acid, vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and fluoride.
The exact composition varies depending on the manufacturer, the brand, and the flavor advertised.
Optimal Level of Fluoride in Infant Formula
When fluoride is consumed in massive amounts, it causes a condition called “enamel fluorosis.” It is a disease in which an excessive amount of fluoride is deposited on the hard and soft tissues of the teeth and leads to the incomplete formation of enamel.
The optimal amount of fluoride for infants is around 0.7 to 1.2 parts per million.
The recommendation of fluoride intake suggested by the American disabilities act (ADA) is consuming breast milk. Unless breast milk is harmful to the infant, it is considered the best milk for enhancing the nutritional and health values of the infant.
Most infant formulas contain the optimal amount of fluoride and do not exceed dangerous amounts. Therefore, they are entirely safe for infant consumption.
However, the problem arises when the infant formula powder or concentrate is mixed with water before consumption.
Since the water supplied to homes in most countries is fluorinated, adding it to infant formula increases the fluoride concentration, making it extra fluorinated for the infants to consume.
Therefore, it is imperative to use un-fluorinated or low-fluoride bottled water to mix with the infant formula.
Additionally, a filtration system with reverse osmosis that can remove excess fluorine can be installed exclusively for infant use at home.
Parents should consult a pediatrician or dentist for customized suggestions to cater to specific infant needs.
As the infant grows older than two years, they can start using fluoridated toothpaste and safeguard themselves from either tooth cavities or fluorosis.
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