Nutritional Requirements of Animals Definition
To live, to grow, to mature, to reproduce, and to feed their young ones animals require energy for which nutritious food is required. Macromolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids along with supplementary vitamins, minerals, and water are the chief nutrients required.
Overview of Nutritional Requirements Of Animals
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Food and water are the necessities for animals to lead their lives. Animals, be it domestic, stray, wild, or caged, all of them require a proper diet fulfilling all their nutritional requirements. Carbohydrate is the most common, easily available, and chief source of energy. Proteins help in the development of body mass and for several other reasons. Water maintains the osmotic conditions of the body. Various factors affect the nutritional requirements of the animals. Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores are the classification of animals based on their source of food. All the animals directly or indirectly consume the plant source. The nutrients consumed by animals influence their growth, puberty, fertility, and reproduction. Animal nutrients are generalized but cannot be defined exactly. It varies depending on the animal, its stage of life, and its environment.
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What you’ll learn:
Nutritional Requirements of Animals Definition
Overview of Nutritional Requirements Of Animals
Macromolecular nutrients for animals:
Water, vitamins, and minerals:
Factors affecting the nutrient requirements:
Macromolecular nutrients for animals:
Appropriate nutrients must be provided to animals to keep them healthy. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are the macromolecular nutrients required by the animals.
Carbohydrates- Carbohydrates are made up of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms and they generally follow the order of CnH2nOn. It is obtained mainly from plant sources. Glucose and fructose are obtained from the plant, fruits, and leaves. Lactose is produced by the mammary glands of animals and it is present in the milk. These carbohydrates are broken down by glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle to generate energy for their needs. This source is used by the animal for its growth, and to maintain the body’s thermal conditions. It is the immediate source of energy. It is very much essential for the working of the brain. Fiber content is also an essential nutritional component and is present mainly in the plants. The herbivores possess various compartments with several gut bacteria that act on the fibers and metabolize them.
Proteins- They are foods that help in developing the body and are organized structures. They make up the important parts of the cells like the cytoplasm, cell organelles. The muscular portions also require proteins for building and repairing them. The enzyme catalysts are also peptides and protein constituents. Essential amino acids must be provided to the animals through their food while the non-essential amino acids are prepared by the body itself. Carnivores and omnivores receive these nutrients from the meat or animal source, whereas the herbivores need to be supported with alternative forms of proteins. The hair is also a protein and to develop fur on their body surface, protein is essential.
Lipids- Fats, are also a good source of energy that can be stored. Fats and proteins help in the insulation of the body. They also form some of the cell components and the myelin sheath around the neurons are also made up of lipids.
Water- It is the most crucial substance that needs to be taken in by animals. In most animals, it is more important than even food. Water needs to be safe and portable. Some animals like cows have huge water requirements and this also depends on the season and climate.
Vitamins- They are required in very small quantities to carry out the metabolic processes and to prevent deficiency diseases. Egg yolk, milk, fish are good sources of vitamin-A to animals. The dead leaves of plants contain vitamin-D while the green leaves and fodder provide Vitamin-E.
Minerals- Sodium and potassium maintain the electrolytic balance. Some minerals have catalytic action, some like calcium, phosphorus are structurally important. Chlorine and sodium are physiologically important.
Feed additives- They enhance the uptake of the feed and the rate of metabolism. It helps in growth and reproduction. These are supplied to the animals that are being taken care of by humans.
The feed that is supplied to the animals must not contain any poisonous or contaminating substances. The feed composition must be altered according to the needs and must be formulated. It must undergo food and toxicological testing.
Also, the environment in which they grow must be clean and must be properly maintained. Airflow and sunlight are important to animals.
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