Starch metabolism
Proper cell wall development
Enzyme activity
Proper elongation and cell division
Nitrate uptake and metabolism
The following are the factors affecting its availability:
Calcium is found in many secondary or primary soil minerals. It is relatively insoluble in this state. Calcium is not considered a nutrient extractor. However, it will go deeper into the ground for hundreds of years. Due to this and the fact that much of the soil comes from limestone, many soils have a higher pH value in the subsoil and higher calcium level.
Cation competition: The application rate of other cations with low to moderate Ca content in the soil tends to reduce Ca absorption.
Soil CEC: High CEC soils hold more calcium while low calcium is held by lower CEC soils.
Sub-soil or parent material: High levels of calcium are present in soils that are derived from marl, limestone, and other high Ca minerals while low levels of calcium are present in sandstone or shale derived soil.
Soil pH: Acidic soil characteristically have high pH and less Ca. If the pH of the soil rises due to excess soil Ca above 7.2, the extra “free” Ca will not be absorbed into the soil. Most of the free Ca forms compounds that are almost insoluble with other elements like phosphorus (P), making P less accessible.
Alkaline sodic soil-Largeamount of sodium present in the soil competes with the calcium present in the soil and results in their decreased availability.
Balances and Ratios:
It is generally accepted that there are some general relationships of preference and nutrient balance in the soil. There is also a great deal of research showing that the disadvantages and advantages. of some nutrients affect the absorption of other nutrients (see later sections of this article). However, no reliable studies are showing that there is a certain ratio of nutrients in the soil.
A great deal of conversation and sales over the years has revolved around the concept of the ideal soil Ca: Mg ratio. Most of the claims for the ideal ratio vary from 8: 1 to 5:1. Some claim that the correct Ca: Mg ratio in the soil is sufficient.
In general, they improve the balance of most of the nutrients in the soil.
Reducing weed populations, especially quack grass and foxtail, and improving forage quality.
Soil structure improvement.
Reduce the leaching of other plant nutrients.
Dr. Stanley Barber of Purdue University explains, “There is no need to investigate the additional costs of getting a specific Ca: Mg ratio in the soil. Studies show that crop yield or crop quality is not significantly affected at various ratios of Ca: Mg in the soil. ”
In a study of Wisconsin, it is found that the yields of alfalfa and maize were not significantly affected by the Ca: Mg ratio in the range 8.44: 1 to 2.28: 1 in all cases of non-nutrient deficiency. The ratio in culture is kept within relatively narrow limits according to plant needs.
Most of the other authorities supported this result. Soil with the conditions mentioned above will likely be fertile. However, this does not mean that fertile soil needs these (or any other) specific values. Proper plant nutrition depends on many factors other than the ratio of specific nutrients. It is rarely useful to adjust the Ca: Mg ratio in the soil.
Deficiency Symptoms:
The calcium deficiency symptoms can be quite vague, as the situation is often associated with the low pH of soil. In crops, deficiency symptoms are rare, but generally include lack of development of new growth properly. Annual grasses such as maize have prominent leaves and do not flower. New leaves often contain chlorosis. A variety of new symptoms produced by extremely acidic soils, often with varying drawbacks and toxicities.
Many vegetables and fruits exhibit symptoms due to deficiency like a burning taste in cabbage and lettuce, black heart in broccoli and celery, blossom end rot in tomatoes, a white heart or hollow heart in peppers, zucchini, and Pops in peanuts.
Low-calcium fruit has increased storage problems, like cork-spot in pears, and apples, bitter-pit in apples, cracks in cherries, and other fruit damage during storage. In all plants, root growth is also impaired and causes additional symptoms such as side effects. Conifer trees with the deficiency of calcium cones turn yellow, die, and needles break off as they grow back. New growth can also be lopsided.
Calcium does not have a direct toxic effect on plants. For all practical purposes, excess Ca decreases the absorption of other cationic nutrients. Most of the problems caused by excess soil Ca are a side effect of high soil pH. Before reaching toxic levels in plants, plants often suffer from the deficiencies of other nutrients such as potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, boron, zinc, or iron.
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